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E-mail: sdwenn@edu.pe.ca E-mail:
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Glossary of
Terms for |
Actin - a type of protein which makes up microfilaments Active Transport - a process in which the movement of materials across a cell membrane requires the use of cellular energy Cell Membrane - the structure that encloses the interior of a cell and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell Cell Wall - the rigid outer membrane of the plant cell that's purpose is to protect the contents of the cell Chloroplasts - the plastid where photosynthesis takes place Chromatin - the material of which chromosomes are composed Chromoplasts - the plastids which give certain fruits, flowers, and leaves there color Chromosomes - rodlike structures in cell that undergo division and that contain certain hereditary information of the organism Cilia - short hair like organelles at the surface of the cell with the capacity for movement Concentration Gradient - the difference in concentration between a region of greater concentration and one of the lesser concentration Cyclosis - the process also known as cytoplasmic streaming which is the movement of cytoplasm within the
cell Diffusion - a form of passive transport in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a cell membrane Endocytosis - a form of
active transport in which materials move into a cell by means of a
vesicle Exocytosis - a type of acitve transport involving the movement of materials out of the cell using a vacuole or vesicle Facilitated Diffusion - a form of passive transport in which large and or charged molecules diffuse quickly across a cell membrane using a transport protein Flagella - long hair-like organelles at the surface of the cell with capacity for movement Golgi Apparatus - organelles consisting of stacks of membranes forming flattened sacs in the cytoplasm which serve as storage centers for proteins synthesized by cells Hypertonic Solution - a solution whose concentration of solutes is higher than that of a cell placed in it Hypotonic Solution - a solution that contains a lower concentration of dissolved substances than that of a cell placed in it Isotonic Solution - a solution that contains the same concentration of dissolved substances as does a living cell placed in it Leucoplasts - The colorless plastids that store starch and other plant nutrients Lysosomes - a sac-like organelle which contains digestive enzyme for nutrition and breaking down worn out organelles Microfilaments - long, solid, threadlike organelles which are involved in cyclosis Microtubules - The long, hollow cylindrical organelles which are found in the
cytoplasm and create the cell's cytoskeleton Mitosis - the process by which the nucleus of a cell divides, while maintaining the chromosome number Nucleotide - the base unit of nucleic acids, each containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases Nucleus - a large, membrane closed organelle that contains the cell DNA found in eukaryotic cells Organelle - the specialized structures in the cytoplasm of cells that carry out specific functions Osmosis - is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration Osmotic Pressure - the increase in pressure resulting from the flow of water in osmosis Passive Transport - a process by which materials move across cell membranes without the use of cellular energy Phagocytosis - a form of endocytosis in which solid particles or small organisms are ingested into a cell Pinocytosis - a form of
endocytosis in which liquids from the surrounding medium are taken into a cell by the formation of a
vesicle Plasmolysis - the shrinking of cytoplasm resulting from loss of water by osmosis in a cell placed in a hypertonic
solution Tubulin - the protein which makes up microtubules Turgor Pressure - is the build up of pressure from osmosis that occurs inside of a plant cell Vacuole - fluid-filled organelles that store material |
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